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@TooTallNate TooTallNate commented Jan 9, 2026

Added support for serializing this context when invoking step functions.

What changed?

  • Modified the step function implementation to capture and serialize the this context when it's defined and not the global object
  • Updated the step invocation queue item interface to include an optional thisVal property
  • Enhanced the step handler to apply the hydrated thisVal when executing step functions

Why make this change?

This enhancement allows step functions to be invoked with an explicit context object using standard JavaScript methods like .call() and .apply(). This is particularly useful for step functions that need to access properties from a specific context, enabling more flexible and idiomatic JavaScript patterns within workflows.

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changeset-bot bot commented Jan 9, 2026

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 15c9b77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages
Name Type
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/swc-plugin Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/next Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/ai Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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github-actions bot commented Jan 9, 2026

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 418 0 11 429
✅ 💻 Local Development 382 0 8 390
✅ 📦 Local Production 382 0 8 390
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 382 0 8 390
✅ 🪟 Windows 39 0 0 39
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 147 21 0 168
Total 1750 21 35 1806

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 38 0 1
✅ example 38 0 1
✅ express 38 0 1
✅ fastify 38 0 1
✅ hono 38 0 1
✅ nextjs-turbopack 38 0 1
✅ nextjs-webpack 38 0 1
✅ nitro 38 0 1
✅ nuxt 38 0 1
✅ sveltekit 38 0 1
✅ vite 38 0 1
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 38 0 1
✅ express-stable 38 0 1
✅ fastify-stable 38 0 1
✅ hono-stable 38 0 1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 38 0 1
✅ nuxt-stable 38 0 1
✅ sveltekit-stable 38 0 1
✅ vite-stable 38 0 1
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 38 0 1
✅ express-stable 38 0 1
✅ fastify-stable 38 0 1
✅ hono-stable 38 0 1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 38 0 1
✅ nuxt-stable 38 0 1
✅ sveltekit-stable 38 0 1
✅ vite-stable 38 0 1
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 38 0 1
✅ express-stable 38 0 1
✅ fastify-stable 38 0 1
✅ hono-stable 38 0 1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 39 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 38 0 1
✅ nuxt-stable 38 0 1
✅ sveltekit-stable 38 0 1
✅ vite-stable 38 0 1
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 39 0 0
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 3 0 0
❌ mongodb 38 1 0
✅ redis-dev 3 0 0
❌ redis 38 1 0
✅ starter-dev 3 0 0
❌ starter 21 18 0
✅ turso-dev 3 0 0
❌ turso 38 1 0

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TooTallNate commented Jan 9, 2026

@TooTallNate TooTallNate marked this pull request as ready for review January 9, 2026 02:04
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings January 9, 2026 02:04
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Pull request overview

This PR adds support for serializing the this context when invoking step functions, enabling the use of JavaScript's .call() and .apply() methods with step functions.

  • Modified step function creation to use a regular function instead of an arrow function to capture this context
  • Added optional thisVal property to the step invocation queue item interface
  • Enhanced serialization/deserialization flow to handle thisVal alongside existing args and closureVars

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
packages/core/src/step.ts Changed to regular function to capture this and conditionally serialize it when not undefined/null/globalThis
packages/core/src/global.ts Added optional thisVal property to StepInvocationQueueItem interface
packages/core/src/runtime/suspension-handler.ts Included thisVal in the dehydrated step input
packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts Hydrated and applied thisVal when executing step functions, updated comment
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts Added example workflow demonstrating .call() and .apply() usage with step functions
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Added e2e test validating thisSerializationWorkflow behavior
.changeset/old-pugs-win.md Added changeset documenting the patch-level change

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Base automatically changed from 01-08-support_class_static_methods_with_use_step___use_workflow_ to main January 14, 2026 07:52
@TooTallNate TooTallNate force-pushed the 01-08-add_support_for_serializing_this_when_invoking_step_functions branch from 572c60b to 15c9b77 Compare January 14, 2026 07:54
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 0.032s (-27.3% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.975s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.032s (-18.8% 🟢) 1.015s (~) 0.982s 10 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.041s (+3.0%) 1.016s (~) 0.975s 10 1.28x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 0.042s (+11.9% 🔺) 1.014s (~) 0.973s 10 1.29x
💻 Local Express 0.044s (-2.2%) 1.008s (~) 0.964s 10 1.36x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 0.102s (+2.9%) 1.014s (~) 0.912s 10 3.16x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 0.106s (+3.9%) 1.014s (~) 0.908s 10 3.29x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.192s (-23.8% 🟢) 1.024s (~) 0.832s 10 5.96x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.297s (+4.5%) 1.012s (~) 0.715s 10 9.23x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.332s (~) 1.016s (~) 0.683s 10 10.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.577s (-14.9% 🟢) 1.496s (-13.6% 🟢) 0.918s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.600s (+1.6%) 1.658s (+15.5% 🔺) 1.058s 10 1.04x
▲ Vercel Express 0.613s (+8.3% 🔺) 1.553s (~) 0.940s 10 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.073s (-3.4%) 2.006s (~) 0.932s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.078s (-2.2%) 2.012s (~) 0.933s 10 1.00x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 1.094s (~) 2.009s (~) 0.915s 10 1.02x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.098s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.913s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Express 1.114s (~) 2.007s (~) 0.894s 10 1.04x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 1.309s (+1.5%) 2.012s (~) 0.703s 10 1.22x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 1.310s (-0.5%) 2.012s (~) 0.702s 10 1.22x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.879s (~) 2.017s (~) 0.137s 10 1.75x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.159s (+1.6%) 3.015s (~) 0.856s 10 2.01x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.168s (-1.5%) 3.015s (~) 0.847s 10 2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.681s (-3.8%) 3.707s (+3.9%) 1.027s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.729s (-8.6% 🟢) 3.593s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.864s 10 1.02x
▲ Vercel Express 2.946s (-6.7% 🟢) 3.868s (-5.5% 🟢) 0.922s 10 1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 10.515s (-2.5%) 11.009s (~) 0.494s 5 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.532s (-1.4%) 11.016s (~) 0.484s 5 1.00x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 10.596s (~) 11.013s (~) 0.417s 5 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 10.641s (~) 11.015s (~) 0.374s 5 1.01x
💻 Local Express 10.800s (~) 11.016s (~) 0.217s 5 1.03x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 12.202s (~) 13.022s (~) 0.820s 5 1.16x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 12.277s (~) 13.028s (~) 0.751s 5 1.17x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 15.174s (~) 16.038s (~) 0.865s 5 1.44x
🐘 Postgres Express 19.766s (-2.1%) 20.037s (-4.7%) 0.271s 5 1.88x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 20.452s (~) 21.029s (~) 0.577s 5 1.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 28.705s (+30.3% 🔺) 29.494s (+29.8% 🔺) 0.789s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 29.607s (+29.2% 🔺) 30.570s (+29.5% 🔺) 0.963s 5 1.03x
▲ Vercel Express 29.888s (+37.2% 🔺) 30.695s (+35.6% 🔺) 0.807s 5 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.328s (-5.5% 🟢) 2.005s (~) 0.677s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.343s (-4.0%) 2.013s (~) 0.670s 15 1.01x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 1.347s (~) 2.008s (~) 0.661s 15 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.351s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.658s 15 1.02x
💻 Local Express 1.414s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.592s 15 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.745s (-4.3%) 2.013s (~) 0.268s 15 1.31x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 2.129s (-0.6%) 3.013s (~) 0.884s 10 1.60x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 2.231s (+0.7%) 3.015s (~) 0.784s 10 1.68x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.342s (-6.4% 🟢) 3.013s (~) 0.671s 10 1.76x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.512s (+4.0%) 3.012s (~) 0.500s 10 1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.848s (-3.5%) 3.730s (-1.5%) 0.881s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.891s (-8.0% 🟢) 3.789s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.899s 8 1.01x
▲ Vercel Express 2.987s (-1.9%) 3.941s (+1.0%) 0.954s 8 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.990s (-8.6% 🟢) 2.159s (-31.2% 🟢) 0.169s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.011s (-5.1% 🟢) 2.539s (-15.1% 🟢) 0.528s 12 1.01x
💻 Local Express 2.196s (-1.0%) 3.083s (-2.8%) 0.887s 10 1.10x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 2.461s (~) 3.008s (~) 0.547s 10 1.24x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.497s (~) 3.027s (+0.5%) 0.530s 10 1.25x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.557s (-1.0%) 3.017s (~) 0.460s 10 1.29x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.950s (-8.4% 🟢) 3.113s (-17.7% 🟢) 0.163s 10 1.48x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.326s (+16.7% 🔺) 4.040s (+34.2% 🔺) 0.713s 8 1.67x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 4.696s (~) 5.182s (~) 0.486s 6 2.36x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 4.721s (-1.9%) 5.179s (-3.4%) 0.457s 6 2.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.453s (-26.0% 🟢) 4.061s (-22.2% 🟢) 0.607s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.793s (-42.3% 🟢) 4.647s (-37.2% 🟢) 0.854s 7 1.10x
▲ Vercel Express 4.699s (-45.6% 🟢) 5.516s (-42.3% 🟢) 0.817s 6 1.36x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.339s (-4.6%) 2.011s (~) 0.672s 15 1.00x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 1.354s (~) 2.007s (~) 0.653s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.356s (-3.8%) 2.005s (~) 0.650s 15 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.372s (-0.5%) 2.010s (~) 0.639s 15 1.02x
💻 Local Express 1.415s (-1.3%) 2.006s (~) 0.591s 15 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.594s (-11.6% 🟢) 2.012s (~) 0.419s 15 1.19x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.948s (+6.0% 🔺) 2.517s (+16.7% 🔺) 0.568s 12 1.45x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.975s (+5.1% 🔺) 2.320s (+4.1%) 0.346s 13 1.47x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 2.163s (+0.6%) 3.011s (~) 0.849s 10 1.61x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 2.239s (+0.9%) 3.015s (~) 0.776s 10 1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.744s (-65.6% 🟢) 3.814s (-56.2% 🟢) 1.070s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.016s (-58.1% 🟢) 3.837s (-50.2% 🟢) 0.822s 8 1.10x
▲ Vercel Express 3.087s (-43.7% 🟢) 3.914s (-38.3% 🟢) 0.827s 8 1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.996s (-9.4% 🟢) 2.168s (-31.7% 🟢) 0.171s 14 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.031s (-10.8% 🟢) 2.703s (-13.1% 🟢) 0.672s 12 1.02x
💻 Local Express 2.323s (-2.2%) 3.219s (-2.5%) 0.896s 10 1.16x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 2.467s (-0.7%) 3.020s (~) 0.553s 10 1.24x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.517s (+1.2%) 3.013s (~) 0.496s 10 1.26x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.607s (-0.7%) 3.020s (~) 0.414s 10 1.31x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.763s (-3.5%) 3.021s (~) 0.258s 10 1.38x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.821s (+1.2%) 3.014s (-3.6%) 0.194s 10 1.41x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 4.654s (-2.3%) 5.179s (~) 0.525s 6 2.33x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 4.655s (~) 5.179s (~) 0.524s 6 2.33x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.241s (-1.8%) 3.857s (~) 0.616s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.252s (+5.3% 🔺) 3.873s (+5.6% 🔺) 0.621s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.293s (-2.3%) 3.906s (+1.7%) 0.614s 8 1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.105s (-29.0% 🟢) 1.003s (~) 0.014s (-26.4% 🟢) 1.025s (-0.6%) 0.920s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.120s (-31.1% 🟢) 0.999s (+0.6%) 0.014s (-2.1%) 1.020s (~) 0.899s 10 1.14x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 0.132s (+1.1%) 1.006s (~) 0.000s (NaN%) 1.012s (~) 0.880s 10 1.26x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.139s (-3.6%) 1.004s (~) 0.000s (NaN%) 1.012s (~) 0.873s 10 1.33x
💻 Local Express 0.179s (+1.9%) 0.992s (~) 0.016s (-6.0% 🟢) 1.023s (~) 0.844s 10 1.71x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 0.486s (-5.5% 🟢) 0.964s (+1.8%) 0.000s (~) 1.014s (~) 0.528s 10 4.63x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 0.487s (+4.5%) 0.964s (-1.6%) 0.000s (+100.0% 🔺) 1.013s (~) 0.525s 10 4.65x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.247s (-4.4%) 1.651s (-5.1% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 1.819s (-9.9% 🟢) 0.572s 10 11.89x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.280s (-47.0% 🟢) 1.760s (-33.0% 🟢) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.013s (-33.2% 🟢) 0.733s 10 12.20x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.414s (+7.8% 🔺) 2.627s (-6.3% 🟢) 0.000s (NaN%) 3.013s (~) 0.599s 10 23.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.193s (+22.9% 🔺) 3.462s (+5.9% 🔺) 0.435s (+118.4% 🔺) 4.517s (+16.0% 🔺) 1.324s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.216s (+21.7% 🔺) 3.446s (+11.3% 🔺) 0.421s (+39.0% 🔺) 4.431s (+15.3% 🔺) 1.215s 10 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.594s (+34.1% 🔺) 3.914s (+20.6% 🔺) 0.202s (-38.9% 🟢) 4.805s (+20.5% 🔺) 1.211s 10 1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Nitro 6/8
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 8/8
▲ Vercel Nitro 5/8
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 💻 Local 8/8
Next.js (Turbopack) 💻 Local 8/8
Nitro 💻 Local 8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
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@TooTallNate TooTallNate merged commit 7906429 into main Jan 14, 2026
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@TooTallNate TooTallNate deleted the 01-08-add_support_for_serializing_this_when_invoking_step_functions branch January 14, 2026 08:07
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